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电力电子技术

作译者：丁硕

出版时间：2024-10 千字数：604 版次：01-01 页数：336

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121489242

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绪论 ·········································································································································.1
0.1 电力电子技术的定义·······································································································.1 
0.2 电力电子技术与其他学科的关系························································································.2 
0.2.1 电力电子技术的学科地位 ·······················································································.2 
0.2.2 电力电子技术和控制理论 ·······················································································.3 
0.3 电力电子技术的发展史····································································································.4 
0.3.1 产生阶段 ············································································································.4 
0.3.2 发展阶段 ············································································································.5 
0.3.3 复合型器件的研发 ································································································.5 
0.4 电力电子技术的应用·······································································································.6 
0.5 本书主要内容及特点·······································································································15 
第 1 章 电力电子器件 ·················································································································17 
1.1 电力电子器件概述··········································································································17 
1.1.1 电力电子器件的概念和特征 ····················································································17 
1.1.2 应用电力电子器件的系统组成 ·················································································18 
1.1.3 电力电子器件的分类 ·····························································································19 
1.2 电力二极管···················································································································20 
1.2.1 PN 结工作原理·····································································································20 
1.2.2 电力二极管的基本特性 ··························································································24 
1.2.3 电力二极管的主要参数 ··························································································25 
1.2.4 电力二极管的选型 ································································································26 
1.2.5 电力二极管的主要类型 ··························································································26 
1.3 晶闸管及派生器件··········································································································28 
1.3.1 晶闸管的结构、电气符号 ·······················································································28 
1.3.2 晶闸管的工作原理 ································································································29 
1.3.3 晶闸管的基本特性 ································································································30 
1.3.4 晶闸管的主要参数 ································································································32 
1.3.5 普通晶闸管的型号和选择原则 ·················································································37 
1.3.6 晶闸管的其他派生器件 ··························································································38 
1.4 门极可关断晶闸管··········································································································40 
1.4.1 GTO 的结构和工作原理 ·························································································40 
1.4.2 GTO 的基本特性 ··································································································41 
1.4.3 GTO 的主要参数 ··································································································42 
1.5 电力晶体管···················································································································43 
1.5.1 GTR 的结构、电气符号和工作原理 ··········································································43 
1.5.2 GTR 的基本特性 ··································································································44 
1.5.3 GTR 的主要参数 ··································································································45 
1.5.4 GTR 的二次击穿现象与安全工作区 ··········································································45 
1.5.5 GTR 的类型 ········································································································46 
1.6 电力场效应晶体管 ·········································································································47 
1.6.1 电力 MOSFET 的结构、电气符号和工作原理······························································47 
1.6.2 电力 MOSFET 的基本特性······················································································49 
1.6.3 电力 MOSFET 的主要参数······················································································51 
1.7 绝缘栅双极晶体管（IGBT） ····························································································52 
1.7.1 IGBT 的结构、电气符号和工作原理 ·········································································53 
1.7.2 IGBT 的基本特性 ·································································································54 
1.7.3 IGBT 的主要参数 ·································································································55 
1.7.4 IGBT 的擎住效应和安全工作区 ···············································································56 
1.8 其他新型电力电子器件 ···································································································57 
1.8.1 MOS 控制晶闸管··································································································57 
1.8.2 集成门极换流晶闸管 ·····························································································57 
1.8.3 功率模块与功率集成电路 ·······················································································57 
1.8.4 静电感应晶体管 ···································································································58 
1.8.5 静电感应晶闸管 ···································································································58 
1.8.6 基于宽禁带半导体材料的电力电子器件 ·····································································59 
1.9 电力电子器件的驱动电路 ································································································59 
1.9.1 电力电子器件的驱动电路概述 ·················································································59 
1.9.2 晶闸管的门极驱动（触发）电路 ··············································································60 
1.9.3 电流驱动型的全控型电力电子器件的驱动电路 ····························································62 
1.9.4 电压驱动型的全控型电力电子器件的驱动电路 ····························································65 
1.10 电力电子器件的缓冲电路·······························································································68 
1.10.1 缓冲电路的作用··································································································68 
1.10.2 缓冲电路的类型··································································································69 
1.10.3 缓冲电路元件的选择····························································································71 
1.11 电力电子器件的保护·····································································································71 
1.11.1 电力电子装置中的过电压及过电流保护····································································71 
1.11.2 晶闸管的过电压及过流保护···················································································73 
1.11.3 全控型器件的过电压及过电流保护··········································································77 
1.12 电力电子器件的串联与并联技术······················································································79 
1.12.1 晶闸管的串/并联·································································································79 
1.12.2 电力 MOSFET 的串/并联 ······················································································82 
1.12.3 IGBT 的串/并联··································································································82 
本章小结 ····························································································································84 
习题及思考题 ······················································································································85 
第 2 章 整流电路 ·······················································································································87 
2.1 相控整流电路概述 ·········································································································87 
2.1.1 整流电路的分类 ···································································································87 
2.1.2 相控整流电路的结构 ·····························································································87 
2.1.3 整流电路的基本要求 ·····························································································88 
2.2 单相相控整流电路··········································································································88 
2.2.1 单相半波可控整流电路 ··························································································88 
2.2.2 单相全波可控整流电路 ··························································································95 
2.2.3 单相桥式全控整流电路 ·······················································································.101 
2.2.4 单相桥式半控整流电路 ·······················································································.108 
2.3 三相相控整流电路·······································································································.113 
2.3.1 三相半波可控整流电路 ·······················································································.113 
2.3.2 三相桥式全控整流电路 ·······················································································.118 
2.4 变压器漏感对整流电路的影响························································································.125 
2.5 整流电路的谐波和功率因数···························································································.129 
2.5.1 谐波和无功功率分析基础 ····················································································.129 
2.5.2 交流侧谐波和功率因数分析 ·················································································.131 
2.5.3 直流侧输出电压和电流的谐波分析 ········································································.133 
2.6 其他形式的大功率相控整流电路·····················································································.134 
2.6.1 带平衡电抗器的双反星形可控整流电路 ··································································.134 
2.6.2 多重化整流电路 ································································································.138 
2.7 有源逆变电路·············································································································.144 
2.7.1 逆变的概念 ······································································································.144 
2.7.2 单相有源逆变电路工作原理 ·················································································.145 
2.7.3 三相有源逆变电路工作原理 ·················································································.148 
2.7.4 逆变失败与最小逆变角的限制 ··············································································.151 
2.8 晶闸管相控电路的驱动控制···························································································.152 
2.8.1 同步信号为锯齿波的触发电路 ··············································································.152 
2.8.2 集成触发器 ······································································································.156 
2.8.3 触发电路的定相 ································································································.158 
本章小结 ·························································································································.159 
习题及思考题 ···················································································································.160 
第 3 章 无源逆变电路 ··············································································································.163 
3.1 换流方式···················································································································.164 
3.1.1 逆变电路的基本工作原理 ····················································································.164 
3.1.2 换流方式分类 ···································································································.164 
3.2 电压型逆变电路··········································································································.166 
3.2.1 单相电压型逆变电路 ··························································································.166 
3.2.2 三相电压型逆变电路 ··························································································.170 
3.3 电流型逆变电路··········································································································.177 
3.3.1 单相电流型逆变电路 ··························································································.178 
3.3.2 三相电流型逆变电路 ··························································································.179 
3.4 多重逆变电路和多电平逆变电路·····················································································.185 
3.4.1 多重逆变电路 ···································································································.185 
3.4.2 多电平逆变电路 ································································································.188 
3.5 逆变电路的 PWM 控制技术···························································································.193 
3.5.1 PWM 控制的基本原理 ························································································.193 
3.5.2 单极性 PWM 控制方式 ·······················································································.194 
3.5.3 双极性 PWM 控制方式 ·······················································································.195 
3.5.4 三相桥式逆变电路的 PWM 控制 ···········································································.195 
3.5.5 SPWM 逆变电路的同步调制和异步调制 ·································································.196 
3.5.6 SPWM 的实现方法 ····························································································.197 
3.5.7 PWM 逆变电路的谐波分析 ··················································································.199 
3.5.8 提高直流电压利用率和减少开关次数 ·····································································.199 
3.5.9 空间矢量 SVPWM 控制·······················································································.200 
3.6 PWM 跟踪控制技术 ····································································································.200 
3.6.1 滞环比较方式 ···································································································.201 
3.6.2 三角波比较方式 ································································································.201 
3.7 电压空间相量 SVPWM 的工作原理·················································································.202 
本章小结 ·························································································································.206 
习题及思考题 ···················································································································.207 
第 4 章 直流-直流变换电路·······································································································.209 
4.1 非隔离的直流-直流变换电路（基本斩波电路）·································································.209 
4.1.1 直流斩波电路分析基础知识 ·················································································.209 
4.1.2 降压斩波电路（Buck 变换器）·············································································.210 
4.1.3 升压斩波电路（Boost 变换器） ············································································.218 
4.1.4 升降压斩波电路和 Cuk 斩波电路···········································································.222 
4.1.5 Sepic 斩波电路和 ZeTa 斩波电路···········································································.226 
4.2 复合斩波电路和多相多重斩波电路 ·················································································.229 
4.2.1 电流可逆二象限直流斩波电路 ··············································································.229 
4.2.2 电压可逆二象限直流斩波电路 ··············································································.231 
4.2.3 桥式可逆（电压电流可逆四象限）直流斩波电路 ······················································.231 
4.2.4 多相多重斩波电路 ·····························································································.234 
4.3 隔离型直流变换电路 ···································································································.235 
4.3.1 正激电路 ·········································································································.235 
4.3.2 反激电路 ·········································································································.237 
4.3.3 半桥变换电路 ···································································································.241 
4.3.4 全桥变换电路 ···································································································.242 
4.3.5 推挽电路 ·········································································································.244 
4.3.6 不同隔离型电路的比较 ·······················································································.246 
本章小结 ·························································································································.246 
习题及思考题 ···················································································································.247 
第 5 章 交流-交流变换电路·······································································································.249 
5.1 交流调压电路 ············································································································.249 
5.1.1 相控式单相交流调压电路 ····················································································.250 
5.1.2 斩控式单相交流调压电路 ····················································································.257 
5.1.3 三相交流调压电路 ·····························································································.259 
5.2 其他交流电力控制电路 ································································································.263 
5.2.1 交流调功电路 ···································································································.263 
5.2.2 交流电力电子开关 ·····························································································.264 
5.2.3 晶闸管交流开关应用举例 ····················································································.265 
5.3 交交变频电路·············································································································.267 
5.3.1 单相交交变频电路 ·····························································································.267 
5.3.2 三相交交变频电路 ·····························································································.272 
5.3.3 交交变频电路总结 ·····························································································.275 
5.4 矩阵变换器················································································································.275 
本章小结 ·························································································································.278 
习题及思考题 ···················································································································.278 
第 6 章 软开关技术基础 ···········································································································.280 
6.1 软开关的基本概念·······································································································.280 
6.1.1 硬开关与软开关 ································································································.280 
6.1.2 零电压开关和零电流开关 ····················································································.281 
6.1.3 软开关电路的分类 ·····························································································.282 
6.2 典型的软开关电路·······································································································.285 
6.2.1 零电压开关准谐振电路 ·······················································································.285 
6.2.2 移相全桥型零电压开关 PWM 电路·········································································.286 
6.2.3 零电压转换 PWM 电路························································································.288 
6.2.4 谐振直流环 ······································································································.291 
本章小结 ·························································································································.292 
习题及思考题 ···················································································································.292 
第 7 章 电力电子技术的应用 ·····································································································.293 
7.1 电力电子技术在一般工业生产中的应用············································································.293 
7.1.1 直流调速系统 ···································································································.293 
7.1.2 交流调速系统 ···································································································.298 
7.1.3 中频感应加热电源 ·····························································································.303 
7.2 电力电子技术在电力系统中的应用··················································································.305 
7.2.1 高压直流输电 ···································································································.305 
7.2.2 静止无功补偿 ···································································································.307 
7.3 电力电子技术在交通运输中的应用··················································································.310 
7.3.1 电力机车牵引 ···································································································.310 
7.3.2 电动汽车驱动与充电 ··························································································.311 
7.4 电力电子技术在新能源发电中的应用···············································································.313 
7.4.1 光伏发电 ·········································································································.313 
7.4.2 风力发电 ·········································································································.315 
7.5 电力电子技术在信息技术领域的应用···············································································.317 
7.5.1 电能无线传输 ···································································································.317 
7.5.2 数据中心供电系统 ·····························································································.319 
7.5.3 不间断供电电源 ································································································.321 
7.6 电力电子技术在电子电气产品中的应用············································································.322 
7.6.1 LED 照明·········································································································.322 
7.6.2 电源适配器 ······································································································.322 
7.6.3 焊机电源 ·········································································································.323 
习题及思考题 ···················································································································.324 
习题及参考答案 ·······················································································································.325 
参考文献 ································································································································.326

当前，我国能源行业进行的供给侧结构性改革和能源转型变革，以及电网电能质量的保障和可再生能源的发电都离不开电力电子技术的支持。党的二十大报告明确提出，“加快节能降碳先进技术研发和推广应用，倡导绿色消费，推动形成绿色低碳的生产方式和生活方式”。这意味着越来越多的电能在进行能量转换之前需要进行多次电力电子变换，以实现用电设备的高效运行和电能最大化节约。电力电子技术是关于功率变换的技术，是在电气工程、电子科学与技术、控制理论三大学科基础上发展起来的新兴交叉学科。电力电子技术课程讲述了电力电子器件、电力电子电路的基本理论、概念和分析方法，其作为自动化、电气工程及其自动化或相关本科专业的一门重要专业基础课，将为后续专业课程的学习和今后的电力电子技术理论研究和工程实践打下良好的基础。
本书是 2022 年辽宁省一流本科课程（线下一流课程）、2024 年辽宁省首批省级普通高等教育课程思政示范课程“电力电子技术”、渤海大学 2023 年度校级规划教材（A 类）的配套建设教材。编者根据多年从事电力电子技术教学与科研工作的经验，在学习研究国内外优秀教材及其他相关文献的基础上，结合本校工程教育专业认证、国家级一流本科建设专业（自动化专业）建设实际，坚持政治标准和学术标准并重，思想性和科学性有机结合，完成了这本电力电子技术教材的编写工作。在保证本学科知识内容体系完整的前提下，精选内容、突出应用，教材编写中引入大量工
程案例，紧跟电力电子技术发展前沿，使教材内容更具有实用性，反映学以致用，遵循工程应用型人才的培养要求。
本书内容分为八章。绪论介绍了电力电子技术与其他学科之间的关系、发展史和电力电子技术的应用，让读者对电力电子形成感性直观的认识；第 1 章内容包括常用电力电子器件的工作原理、特性、参数、选型、驱动电路及保护方法；第 2 章至第 6 章，内容包括整流电路、无源逆变电路、直流-直流变换电路、交流-交流变换电路在内的常用电力电子变流电路的工作原理、参数计算方法和应用范围，还介绍了软开关技术，在这部分内容中结合应用实例较为详细地介绍了相控技术和 PWM 控制技术在上述各种电路中的应用；第 7 章从应用的角度出发列举了大量电力电子技术的应用案例，对电力电子技术在一般工业生产、电力系统、交通运输、新能源发电、信息技术、电子电气产品中的应用进行介绍，有助于学生了解所学理论知识在工程实践中的应用情况。
在讲清原理、注重应用的同时，深入挖掘课程思政元素，但限于篇幅，仅在各章末融入了思政案
例，部分体现了课程团队多年来的“三全育人”成果。电力电子技术是一门实践性很强的专业课程，需要大量的波形分析和计算，为了贯彻党的二十大报告中关于“加快建设国家战略人才力量，努力培养造就更多大师、战略科学家、一流科技领军人才和创新团队、青年科技人才、卓越工程师、大国工匠、高技能人才”。有关要求，本书在编写过程中注重应用型本科教学中实践技能的培养，融入了基于 Simulink 的图形化仿真技术。基本的教学内容配有仿真实验的实例，并提供了与理论分析波形相对应的仿真实验波形和实物实验波形，加强学生的感性认识和提高学生仿真应用能力。仿真实验指导循序渐进，便于初学者掌握与自学。
本教材按 54～64 学时编写，仿真实验可在课后或实践教学环节完成。本书编写过程中得到 2024 年辽宁省首批省级普通高等教育课程思政示范项目、辽宁省“兴辽英才计划”教学名师项目（项目编号：XLYC1906015）、2021 年辽宁省普通高等教育本科教学改革研究优质教学资源建设与共享项目（项目名称：跨校修读平台下的“电子技术”类课程资源建设与共享方式）、2023 年度渤海大学校级规划教材（A 类）、2022 年教育部产学合作协同育人项目
（项目名称：“工程认证+新工科”背景下电力电子技术实时仿真实验教学案例开发、项目编号：220603494132747）和 2023 年度渤海大学创新创业教学改革研究项目（A 类）（项目名称：工程教育认证背景下自动化专业产学合作协同育人能力映射与响应机制探索与实践、项目编号：0523jg084）资助。

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